Method of producing filaments for electric incandescent lamps and the product of such method.



PATENTED JAN. 21, 1908. F. M. F. GAZIN.

AND THE PRODUCT OP SUCH METHOD. APPLICATION FILED sEPT.21.1904.

Hamm/V12 METHOD'OF PRODUCING FILAMHNTS POB. ELECTRIC INQANDBSGENT LAMPS UNITED STATES PATENT' oEEroE.

' rEANc1s-v M. E. cAzIN, or noBoxEN, N'Ew JERSEY.

METHOD foF rnonuorNG FILAimN'rs Fon ELECTRICYINGANDESCENT'LAMPS AND THE PRODUCT 0F SUCH METHOD.

To yall whomc't may concern: v

of Hoboken, in Hudson county, State .of New Jersey,rhave invented certain new and useful following is a specification.

Improvements in the Method of Producing Filaments for Electric IncandescentLamps and Products of Such Methods, of which the The purpose of this present application is of the same character and in the samev relation to my Patents No. 523,460, of Jul 24, 1894, and No. 523,461, of same d-ate, an No. 566,285, of Au 1St18,1896; N6. 620,640, of March 7, and os. 621,291 and 621,292, of March 14,- 1899, No. 640,366 of January 2, 1900, No. 844,778 of Febr. 19, 1907, No. 835,936 or N0v.13, 1906, N0.786,727 ofA ril 4, 1905, No. 772,215, of Oct. 11, 1904, o. 760,849, of May 24, 1904, No. 770,223 of November 13, 1904 and No. 846,823 of March 12, 1907, and to all the applications therefor as my yet pending applications No. 732,399,110. 3,061, No. 138,084, No. 170,940,'No.183,270, No. 198,564, No. 2105720, No. 210,759, No. 210,870 and No.

' 220,819-namely, to obtain patent on certain modifications in the processes of manufacturing electric incandescent lamps invented Vby me and on the lamps that are the products of such manufacture, which processes and 'lamps were alluded tov in these platents, but were not explicitly enough speci ed and not sufficiently disclosed for formulating on the said specifications and disclosures the Iproper claims for their protection by patent, -thoughthe invention as such or in its essential characteristics has then and therebeenset forth, and, as conditioned on such identity of purlpose and similarity of subject-matter, as we as to facilitate a clear and full understanding of the improvement claimed by this application, I have selected from these my prior applications a few parts to recite, and m special does applicantpro ose to cite therefrom the parts, by which e originally disclosed his invention of electrolytic manufacture of electric lamp-filaments 'or -luminants. (Compare my Patent No. 844,7 78- page 1 lines 10 to 17 and lines 19 to 37 incl.) These parts were removed from the specifications, wherein they originally were con- `655,312of Oct. 15, 1897 that, which in this connection I considered as my invention-` Specication of Letters Patent. 'Application filed September 21| 1904- Serial No. 2251347.l

Patented .161121, 1908. L

.l I I formulated thereon the following claims, Be it known that I, FRANCIS M. F. CAzrN,

to the loop-form of the filament.

' 12. The lmethod of electrol tically precipitating a solid coat on a carbon filament, by attaching both ends of the filament to the negative pole of the-electrolytic apparatus,

immersing the filament-loop into the elec-l trolyte.

While in these claims the specific carbon7 is mentioned as filament-material .ap-l licant has never waived his declaration 1n is Patent No. 621,291, lines 55, &c.,rnamely: j

I have in all of my preceding applications qualified the current passing andl .resisting filament by function and not Vby material. (ComparemyPatentNol'621,291, page 1, lines 55, &c.) In corroboration `of this my declaration the board of examiners-in-chief in an appeal in the vmatter of the last-mentionedpatent or of the application therefor of October 29, 1895, decided as follows: The use of a metal lament was not specifically mentioned, although the language used was such as to indicate that applicants invention was broad` enough to include any material the equivalent of carbon and having the pro erties indicated. (Compare my Patent o. 844,7 78-page 3, lines 40 to 57 incl.) In accordance with s'uch evidence for my conception of that which the filament-core in my electrolytical manufacturing process of lelectric lincandescent filaments must be made of, it is only needed to mentionthe functional ualities of the selectable material, namey that 'it be refractory or of high temperature of fusion, be flexible and be electrically conductive, either primarily or when immersed in-the electrolyte or when consequent to increased temperature. The filament thus to be manufactured may be described then as consisting of two concentrical parts, or ele-A ments, namely a core, such as described as one element and an electrolytic-metallic coating, as the other element, and eventually including a third element, which may be a repeated electrolytic-metallic coating of such' metal, as ma for-1n with oxygen or with nitrogen a solid compound to mciude a part .either oxygen or nitrogen.

of the last-mentioned metal, primarily concentrically on the surface, reacted upon by As a specific metal of the latter class and element I mention titanium. And it should also be understood, that the core-material may by the operation of the lamp, as part of its iirst manufacture, be sorbed by the coating material.

I Referrmg now to the accompanying drawings, in Which identical symbols designate the same or equivalent parts Figure 1 is a vertical section of an electric incandescent lamp with the iilament indicated in exaggerated thickness and a double-glass-bulb, such as protected by my Patents No;A 770,221, 770,222, 770,223 and 846,823, the latter of March 12. 1907, as Well as an exclusive glassbase provided with apertures 4, 4 for air-circulation, the same as heretofore described and shown and with' a screw-shapeiil socket-connection-end. Fig. is in exaggerated size, a vertical longitudinal section o. a portion of the improved filament, as it Would be, if all the mentioned elements were contained in the concentrical coatings thereof, and Fig. 3. is a cross-section thereof, un-

der the same supposition. Fig. 4 is aeopy 0'1": the illustration oi the electrolytic apparatus,indicating the method, as by me claimed lnder October 15. 1897. and filed on the said ate.

In the matter of my selection of metals for electrolytical deposition on a conductive core in the shape, thatthe `filament is intended to finally have,--I refer to my Patents No. 835,938 0f NOV. 13. 1906 and N0. 844,778 0f Febr. 19. 1907. and desire it to be under stood, that I may use these metals singly or as alloys, and singly or in concentrical layers, as the special purpose of the lamp to be manufactured .may call for. 'lhe llaments of the by me thus improved electric incandescent lamps then consist of either all er some of the here below described functional parts, namely: y

l. A eure for elet-,trolytie deposition,

rahly nl carbon, and in the e intended lor the lan|pflla- I. The 'ilamcnt heated part el ',e olyti ly of nletul, thc oxygen or' nitrogen compound el which is :L solid, and wml-n nwtal has hul. normal. allinity l'or either or both.

: I, of n. metali-olnpound.. the i sull; of chemical reaction on the snrl'acc-nictal.

anatngsurfnccol eligible lghircnhil anatingelhmency. As shown in my a )plieatiom as irstiiled in this case, 4l intend my understanding el every expression, used in the prece(ling'vtable as Well as to show by the science ol" clu-.imistry the vpraeticability ol electrolyticaliy depositing the single metals or the alloys ol metals, and by the art ol' elcctrolytic deposition or plating the practi partly or entirely ab ed to explain in detail cability of doing so in even and adhering single or concentrlcal plural coats.-But, since those skilled in the chemical and. electrolytical art, will be able to manufacture my improved metallir/.ed or metal-filaments as by me specifiedand by the method` by me claimed, after this method as such by me been'invented and disclosed,-I prefer noW to desist from all further detail-explanations.

Having thus described my invention, What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is 2- 1. The method of n'ianui'acturing filaments for electric incandescent lamps, which consists in using a Iilai'ncnt-core, bent in the linear shape, that the finished filament is intended to have, as one of the electrodes in an electrolytie plating apparatus, and coating the said core in the electrolyte-,bath of the said apparatus with metal by the application of electric current, passing between electrodes through the electrolyte.

2. The method of manufacturing 'Iilaments for electric.incandescent lamps, which consists ,in using a .filament-core, bent in the linearv shape, that the finished 'filament is intended to have, as one ofthe conductive electrodes in an electrolytic plating apparatus, and coating the said core in elec- -trolytc-baths of different chemical composiwith concentrical layers of metal by the application of electric current, passing between electrodes through the different electrolytes, to which the core-electrode is exposed successively.

3. The method ol" manufacturing lumilnants for electric incandescent lamps, which consists in using a conductive filament-core, bent in the linear longitudinal shape, that the Afinished filament is Aintended mainly to have, as one ol the elec rodes'in some electrolytic plating apparatus,and coating the said core in lelectrolyte-baths of vdifferent chemical composition and adequate tcmpera turc,--suceessively applied-in such apparatusf-with concentrical layers o1"V metallic alloys, by the application of adequate electric current, passing between electrodes through the dill'crent electrolytes successively.

4; The method of manu facturing lilaments l'or electric incandescent lamps, which consists in using a conductivel filament-core, bent into the vmain longitudinal linear shape, that is intended for the iinished itilaincnt,-as one of the electrodos in son-ie electrolytic plating aI.paratlIS,--and coating vthe said core successively in different electrolytebaths elE adequate chen'lieal composition, with dill'erent concciitrical metallic layers, and applying to the coated filament electric adequate operative current, allowing such chemical inter-reaction and. reaction on the si-u'lace-coat, as will take place'under such current in eventual completion of the la ment for adequate use.

5. A filament in'an electric incandescent lamp primarily consisting of 'a conductive core, coated, When longitudinally bent into its final and main filament-shape, with an electrolytic metal-cover.

6. A filament in an electric incandescent lam which filament consists primarily of a con uc'tive core, bent longitudinally into the final shape of the filament mainly, Which core is coated with an electrolytic metalplating, which plating consists of several concentrical layers.

7. A filament in an electric incandescent lamp, which filament consists primarily of a conductive core, primarily bent longitudi nally into the main filament-shape, intended for the finished la1nent,-wl1ich core in such Ashape is coated with electrolytic metal-alloyplating in different conccntrical layers.

8. A filament in an electric incandescent lamp, which filament primarily consists of a conductive, preferably carbon-(core, primarily and mainly bent longitudinally into the final filament-shape,-Which core in such shape has a cover of electrolytical metalplating in concentrioal layers and has by subj ecting thesame to an adequate electric current, passing from end to end, been exposed 

